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Alan Kay

Alan Kay was introduced to computer programming while serving in the United State Air Force, where his high score on a programming-aptitude test got him a post programming an early IBM 1401 computer. After finishing his military service, Kay completed his undergradute degree and then went to to earn a Ph.D. at the University of Utah. His doctoral thesis, "The Reactive Engine," extended Ivan Sutherland's early vision of computer graphics by showing how programming languages - and in particular the object-oriented ideas pioneered in SIMULA - could be used to create flexible graphical systems. In 1971, Kay accepted a research position at the Xerox's legendary Palo Alto Research Center, which pioneered many of of the fundamental ideas that have shaped modern computing. With his colleagues Adele Goldberg and Dan Ingalls, Kay developed Smalltalk, which was the first object-oriented programming language to support interactive graphics. Kay received the ACM Turing Award in 2003.

Bob Frankston and Dan Bricklin

In modern computing, one of the most visible applications of the array structure described in this chapter is the electronic spreadsheet, which uses a two-dimensional array to store tabular data. The first electronic spreadsheet was VisiCalc, which was released in 1979 by Software Arts Incorporated, a small startup company founded by MIT graduates Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston. VisiCalc proved to be a popular application, leading many larger firms to develop competing products, including Lotus 1 2 3 and, more recently, Microsoft Excel.

C.A.R Hoare

Sir Charles Antony Richard (Tony) Hoare is Professor Emeritus of Computer Science at Oxford University and a senior researcher at Microsoft's Research Laboratory in Cambridge, England. After completing a degree in philosophy at Oxford in 1956, Hoare became fascinated by the emerging world of computer science, which he turned to for graduate study. During his graduate-school years, Hoare developed a highly efficient sorting algorithm called Quicksort, which remains in active use today. He also led the effort during the 1960s to create the first commercial complier for Algol 60, a programming language that served as an important model for subsequent languages, including Java. Professor Hoare received the ACM Turing Award in 1980.

Joshua Bloch

Joshua Bloch first got excited about programming in 1975, when he had the chance to use a timeshared PDP-10 computer. Three years later, he entered Columbia University, where he majored in computer science, and then went on to get a Ph.D at Carnegic Mellon. After completing his Ph.D., Bloch went to work for Transarc, a startup company founded by his dissertation advisor. In 1994, he moved to California to join the Java development team at Sun Microsystems. While there, Bloch designed and implemented the Java Collection Framework described in this chapter. In 2004, Bloch left Sun to join Google, where he holds the positions of Principal Engineer and Chief Java Architect. Josh Bloch and his colleague Neal Gafter recently wrote a wonderful collection of Java pitfalls entitled Java Puzzlers, which is also published by Addison-Wesley.

Anita Borg (1949-2003)

By rights, a chapter entitled "Looking Ahead" should be introduced with a picture of someone who will create the future of computer science. That future belongs to those who are currently studying computer science - that picture will be your picture. But the future is also shaped by those who have paved the way for the next generation. In her all-too-short life, Anita Borg worked tirelessly not only to advance the state of computer science as a research scientist, but also to broaden participation in the computing disciplines, particularly among women. She was the founder of the Systers online community for women in computer science, the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, and the Institute for Women in Computing, which was rechristened as the Anita Borg Institute following her deadth from cancer in 2003. Her spirit, however, lives on in everyone who overcomes barriers to enter and succeed in this dynamic and exciting field that Anita loved so much.

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